Dorothy Stevens (2 September 1888 – 5 June 1966) was a Canadian etcher, portrait painter, print maker, illustrator and teacher, perhaps the most accomplished Canadian etcher of her day. She is known for the prints she made of factory workers during World War I. She exhibited in Canada, the United States, England and France. She was active in several Canadian artists associations. Her works are held in several public art galleries.
Early years
Dorothy Stevens was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on 2 September 1888.[1] In 1904 she left Canada to study at the Slade School of Fine Art in London under Henry Tonks, Philip Wilson Steer and Walter Westley Russell. She also studied in Paris at the Académie Colarossi and at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière under Lucien Simon. Stevens returned to Canada in 1911, and began a successful career as a painter and etcher. In 1912 she joined the Chicago Society of Etchers.[2] Around 1913 she shared a studio in Toronto with Estelle Muriel Kerr.[3]
War artist
Stevens continued her career as an etcher during World War I (1914–1918), alternating between Toronto and New York. Her personality was unconventional and exuberant. She said that at one time in New York she went to so many parties that she saw no daylight for three weeks. Late in 1918 she heard of a program to commission works from Canadian artists depicting home-front subjects, led by Eric Brown, when her friends Frances Loring and Florence Wyle were given commissions. She sent a letter to Brown offering to make a series of etchings, and he agreed to accept two, one on shipbuilding and the other on women in a munitions or airplane factory.[4] The etchings were to be sold to raise money for war relief.[5]
Stevens insisted on doing four more plates. One was of the Toronto airplane factory, two were of the British Forgings munitions plant in Toronto and one was of construction of a freighter in Toronto Harbour. Brown seems to have resented her pushiness, and only allowed her to print twenty-five editions of her etchings, although Arthur Lismer had printed one hundred and Charles William Jefferys had printed fifty. Her prints were among the best produced under the program, vividly depicting the "hustle and forced pace" of the work.[6] Her pictures showed both women and men working, including women making shells and men in a steel plant.[7] Her picture of a heavy-shell factory shows both men and women working on the assembly line.[8] Stevens made draft plates of Montreal factories, but the program ran out of funding before approval could be given for the work. The proofs have been lost.[9]
Later career
After World War I Stevens won a traveling scholarship to Europe to continue her art studies, where she sketched the cathedrals of Antwerp, Ghent, Bruges, and Brussels.[2] She made several portraits of gypsies in the 1920s.[10] She submitted La Gitana to the 1922 art show at the Canadian National Exhibition.[11] Her exhibitions received excellent reviews, she won many awards and was given many commissions to paint portraits.[2] She was known for her etchings, but was also a painter, portraitist, printmaker, illustrator and art teacher.[10]
Stevens married in 1930 and became Mrs. Reginald de Bruno Austin.[12][13] She became president of the Toronto-based Women's Art Association.[10] Helen McLean recalls studying under her as a child at an art class arranged by the Women's Art Association in 1940. Stevens wore trousers and chain smoked. When the weather allowed she took her students over to the Toronto Islands to draw whatever they saw in the park. She told stories of the past, such as a costume party she had gone to with Frederick Varley of the Group of Seven. He was Anthony and she was Cleopatra, wearing a bodice made out of copper wire.[14]
Stevens joined various other artists' associations in Canada including the Federation of Canadian Artists, the Ontario Society of Artists and the Society of Canadian Painter-Etchers and Engravers.[2] During World War II (1939–1945) she arranged dances for soldiers at the Heliconian Club to raise money for the war effort.[2] In 1949 she was elected a full member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. Her paintings were shown in the United States and Canada, and in the London and Paris salons. She died in hospital in Toronto on 5 June 1966. The National Gallery of Canada, Art Gallery of Ontario and Art Gallery of Alberta hold her paintings.[12]
Illustrations
Publications illustrated by Stevens include:[2]
Hale, Katherine. (cover design) The White Comrade and Other Poems Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart, 1916
MacKay, Isabel Ecclestone. The Curtain Canadian Magazine 48.2 (Dec. 1916)
Macbeth, Madge. The Mind of the Family Canadian Magazine Jan. 1917
Bayne, Edith G. The Double Intriguer Canadian Magazine 50.2 (Dec. 1917):129-38
Lugrin, Nora de Bertrand. The East in the West Canadian Magazine 52.2 (Dec. 1918)
Bayne, Edith G. Honour To Whom Canadian Magazine 53.5 (Sept. 1919)
Toronto Publicity Bureau. Toronto: The Canadian Metropolis and Convention City. Toronto: Toronto Publicity Bureau, 1922
Grant, George Munro. Ocean To Ocean: Sandford Fleming's Expedition Through Canada in 1872 Toronto: Radisson Society of Canada, 1925 [revised edition]
Hale, Katherine. Canadian Houses of Romance Toronto: Macmillan, 1926
Hale, Katherine. Canadian Cities of Romance. Toronto McClelland and Stewart, 1933
Hale, Katherine. Historic Houses of Canada Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1952
References
Citations
Dorothy Stevens, National Gallery.
STEVENS, Dorothy, Concordia.
Butlin 2009, p. 228.
Tatham 2006, p. 77.
Granatstein 2004, p. 110.
Tatham 2006, p. 78.
Granatstein 2004, p. 107.
Granatstein 2004, p. 103.
Tatham 2006, p. 79.
Atanassova 2007, p. 37.
Atanassova 2007, p. 44.
Dorothy Stevens, Montreal Gazette.
War Artists: Dorothy Stevens, OMGS.
McLean 2001, p. 41-42.
Sources
Atanassova, Katerina (2007-03-30). F.H. Varley: Portraits into the Light/Mise en lumière des portraits. Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-4597-2042-8. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
Butlin, Susan (2009-01-01). The Practice of Her Profession: Florence Carlyle, Canadian Painter in the Age of Impressionism. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. ISBN 978-0-7735-7525-7. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
"Dorothy Stevens". National Gallery of Canada. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
"Dorothy Stevens". The Montreal Gazette. 6 June 1966. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
Granatstein, J. L. (2004). Hell's Corner: An Illustrated History of Canada's Great War, 1914-1918. Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 978-1-55365-047-8. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
McLean, Helen (2001-04-01). Details from a Larger Canvas. Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-4597-1457-1. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
"STEVENS, Dorothy". Canadian Women Artists History Initiative. Concordia University. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
Tatham, David (2006). North American Prints, 1913-1947: An Examination at Century's End. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-3071-5. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
"War Artists: Dorothy Stevens (Mrs. R. de Bruno Austin), 1930". Ontario Ministry of Government Services. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
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