Cosroe Dusi (July 28, 1808 – October 9, 1859) was an Italian painter in the Neoclassical style, active for many years in St Petersburg, Russia, painting mainly sacred and historical subjects. Dusi was nicknamed by his contemporaries the "modern Tintoretto", for his liveliness of invention and rapidity at painting.[1]
Education and early work in the Veneto and Tyrol
Cosroe was born in Venice. He enrolled in 1820 at the Academy of Fine Arts of Venice, where his mentor was the painter Teodoro Matteini, who had also taught the influential Hayez. At the Academy, Dusi studied alongside Michelangelo Grigoletti.
After graduating in 1827, the Academy awarded Dusi a room near the school and he exhibited the large historical canvas, The Death of Alcibiades,[2] followed by Paolo and Francesca da Rimini, exhibited in 1831 at the Brera. In 1829 at the annual exhibition of the Accademia, he displayed The Nymph Salmacis seduces the innocent Hermaphroditus, a Virgin and child with St John, and two small paintings depicting scenes from writings of Gaspare Gozzi.[3] In 1830 he married Antonietta Ferrari, daughter and sister respectively of the sculptors Bartolomeo and Luigi Ferrari. Luigi had also studied at the Academy with Dusi.[4][5]
In Venice, Dusi collaborated in the production of illustrations for books and lithographic series. For the journal of Il Gondoliere, he made a lithographic portrait Leopoldo Cicognara, that was used in Cicognara's obituary in 1834, and was based on a prior oil painting by Ludovico Lipparini. Dusi, along with Grigoletti and Michele Fanoli, completed a series of lithographs depicting various trades of Venetians, published by Galvani. The subjects were mostly genre figures (fishmongers, chimney sweeps, etc.) or portraits (including singers, actors, and dancers).[6] The Museo Correr of Venice has engravings and lithography by Drusi.
In 1838, he painted a sipario for the Fenice Theater.[7] He traveled through Monaco, Germany, and Russia.
In 1831 he was commissioned to paint the main altarpiece depicting Saints Peter and Paul and another altarpiece of Virgin of the Rosary and St Dominic for the parish church of the same name in Sexten in Tyrol.[8] He painted St Luke painting the Virgin (right lateral altar, 1833) and the Assumption of Mary (1834, main altarpiece) of the Sanctuary of Santa Assunta of Maria Luggau in West Carinthia. He also painted frescoes on the Resurrection of the Dead for the chapel in the cemetery of Cortina d'Ampezzo.[9] Among his other religious paintings are his Adoption of the Habit by St Gertrude (1835)[10] for the main altar of the parish church of Mühlwald;[11] in 1836 he completed an altarpiece depicting a Santa Maria Assunta (1836) for the side altar of a parish church near Bruneck; a Crucifixion for the parish church of St Michael at Brixen; and a Glory of Saint Catherine for the main altar of the parish church of Graun im Vinschgau;[12] and a Transit of St Joseph (1839) for the church of San Luca Evangelista in Padua.[13]
For the parish church of St Martin in Gsies, he painted the altarpiece depicting Communion of St Martin, bishop of Tours. For the church of Santa Maria Assunta of Taufers, he painted a Holy Family with young St John the Baptist (1839).
Dusi was commissioned to complete the main altarpiece of the Collegiata of Santa Maria Maggiore of the main city of the Dalmatian island of Cherso (now Cres, Croatia). A fire in 1826 had destroyed the ancient Renaissance altarpiece of Andrea Vicentino, depicting The Miracle of the Madonna of the Snow. Dusi attempted to make an accurate copy (1833) of the icon. In 1834 he painted an altarpiece of Saints Filomena, Lucy, and Agatha (1834) for the Venetian church of San Martino.
Saints Filomena, Lucy, and Agatha Painting by Cosroe Dusi, San Martino Church
In 1837, he was commissioned to paint the sipario of the newly rebuilt Teatro La Fenice. The subject of the curtain, was appropriately the Apotheosis of the Phoenix, however, by 1854, it was replaced by a more patriotic scene. Drusi also painted screens for the San Samuele theater of Venice and the Nobile theater of Udine. The subject of the latter was Michelangelo presenting the young Giovanni da Udine to the Duke Gonzaga.
In 1838, Drusi designed and Francesco Locatelli engraved prints celebrating the visit of Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria. The subjects were The Foundation of the dam of Malamocco and the entry into Chioggia. For an exhibition held in the Academy to celebrate the visit, Drusi displayed seven works: Romeo and Juliet; The Communion of St Martin of Tours, (Socrates reproaches) Alcibiades among the Heterae;[14] The prayers of his bride convince Henry IV to absolve the prisoners of Calais; a landscape and finally Portraits of a family, as well as an unspecified sketch for a historical painting.
Work in Russia
Dusi had briefly lived in Munich, Bavaria, where he had painted mainly portraits, but around 1840, the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia, after visiting his Venetian studio, invited Dusi to St Petersburg. In Russia, he painted portraits of the Grand Duke and members of the imperial family and the court, including General Suhozanet (1842), Kavos (1849), of Feodosiya Tarassova Gromova. His Mary Queen of Scots led to the scaffold granted him membership in the Academy of Fine Arts of St. Petersburg in 1842, another painting of Alcibiades among the Heterae, made him an academician (1843), and finally, his Deposition, obtained him a post of professor (1851). In Russia, he also painted still lifes and landscapes. He participated in the encaustic decoration of the wooden ceiling of the gallery of ancient painting of the Hermitage, depicting the Seasons and antique artworks and buildings, (based on drawings by Georg Hiltensperger).[15] Dusi also painted numerous icons for the Cathedral of Saint Isaac in St Petersburg, later replaced by copies in mosaic, depicting: the Savior and Mary, Mother of God, for the right side of the altar iconostasis, a Last Supper, a Deposition, St Anastasia and St Catherine of Alexandria (1844-1855). He painted for private chapels of the buildings of the capital and country estates.
Dusi decorate the ceiling of the Marinsky Theater and two curtains, both lost, one for the Bolshoi theater in Moscow, depicting Ilsolenne entrance of Prince Požorskij into Moscow, and the other, probably for the Alexandrine theater of St Petersburg in 1858. The czar awarded him the Order of St. Anne of third class and the Order of St Stanislaus of third class.[16]
Return to Venice
In 1831, Dusi had been made honorary associate for the Venetian Academy,[17] and he had over the years periodically revisited his native Venice. He returned to Venice to stay finally in 1856, and hoped without success, for a professorship in the Academy. The Austrian painter Karl von Blaas was instead named to the professorship.[18] His last known work, A vigil at home of Tintoretto, exhibited in Venice in 1857. He painted two altarpieces: St Anthony of Padua and a Deposition (1851) for the Venetian church of San Giovanni in Bragora.[19]
He died on October 9, 1859 in Marostica, near Vicenza.
References
Treccani Encyclopedia (in Italian), Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 42 (1993) by Maddalena Malni Pascoletti.
Della litteratura veneziana del secolo XIV: notizie ed appunti, by Count Filippo Nani-Mocenigo, pages 211-212.
Treccani Encyclopedia.
Exhibition at Marostica in 2012: Cosroe Dusi, the adventures of an artists at the court of the Tsars. (In Italian)
Cosroe Dusi 2012 Exhibition reviewed for Cultura Italia by Laura Larcan.
MFA collections
Nani-Mocenigo, page 212.
"Chiesa parrocchiale di S.S. Pietro e Paulo" (in Italian). Mein Suedtirol - La mia vacanza in Alto Adige. Retrieved 22 April 2014. for Parish Church of S.S. Pietro e Paulo in Sexten, which this source name "Sesto" in Italian.
Cortina d'Ampezzo Parish.
Nani-Mocenigo, page 212.
"Storia di Selva dei Molini" (in Italian and German). Comune di Selva Dei Molini / Gemeinde Mühlwald. Retrieved 22 April 2014.. Mühlwald is also referred with the alternate Italian name "Selva dei Molini".
Now in a reconstructed church.
Transit of St Joseph is now in Diocesan Museum. (In Italian)
Alcibiades among the Heterae is exhibited in the Revoltella Museum in Trieste, [1]
Hermitage Museum.
Treccani Encyclopedia.
Exhibit on Dusi Arte Arti notes. (In Italian)
Exhibition at Marostica in 2012.
Treccani Encyclopedia.
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