Burr H. Nicholls (December 9, 1848 – May 12, 1915) was an American painter who studied art with Carolus-Duran in Paris and first exhibited his work in London at Dudley Gallery. Most of his works were based upon scenes from the seven years that he studied and lived in Europe.
Nicholls was married three times, but it was his marriage to his second wife, Rhoda Holmes Nicholls, that caused a media sensation across the United States. In 1897 both Burr and Rhoda Nicholls submitted paintings to the Paris Salon; Rhoda's was accepted with honorable mention but Burr's was rejected. This triggered a period of marital discontent followed by separation. Their divorce was finalized in 1906 and was reported in many American newspapers. Journalists warned women of the peril of pursuing vocations that put them in competition with their husbands.
Early life
Burr H. Nicholls was born in Lockport, New York[2] to Luman Nicholls and Ann Halliday Nicholls.[3] Painters in his family included his mother and his nephew Henry, son of his brother Mark. Henry made copies of several of Burr's paintings including a Brittany farm scene and The Red Staircase.[4]
Marriage
His first of three marriages was to Alice McDonald[4] or Alethea P. McConnell[3] in 1871; she died in 1876.[3]
Nicholls met the English artist Rhoda Holmes during a trip to Venice. They married in 1884 at Lyminster Church in Sussex, England,[5][6] honeymooned in Venice[7] and sailed for the United States[5] in the spring of 1884.[8]
The couple exhibited their works in some of the same shows, like the Chicago Interstate Industrial Expositions.[9] In 1893 the Nicholls lived in a "cosey" home and both had studios on the top floor.[10] By 1896, Nicholls lived with his wife in a West 50th Street mansion in New York City with their daughter and son,[11] Rhoda Olive and Arundel Holmes Nicholls.[6]
The couple's marriage became contentious when in 1897 one of Rhoda Holmes Nicholls works was accepted with honorable mention by the Paris Salon, but Burr's work was denied. The couple separated the following year.[12][13][nb 1] Their divorce was finalized by September 18, 1906[16] and "newspapers widely warned women about the dangers of success and its potential influence on marital and domestic bliss."[12]
His final marriage was to Josephine Lewis of Buffalo, New York. Her brother was Dr. Park Lewis, a "well-known physician".[4][17]
Education and career
Nicholls studied art in Buffalo, New York with Lars (L.G.) Sellstedt[2][4] and with Carolus-Duran at the Paris Beaux Arts.[2][18] He studied and worked in England, Paris, Italy and Brittany for seven years which provided inspiration for his paintings for years.[2][3] Most of Nicholl's paintings were made of European subjects and settings,[4] like A Street Scene in France and A Quiet Corner, Venice, exhibited at the Pan-American Exposition of 1901 held in Buffalo, New York.[19]
His first exhibition was in 1879 at London's Dudley Gallery.[2] Nicholls exhibited at "every important exhibition in America" and the Paris Salon.[3][4] His work was favorably received at the 1891 Society for the Promotion of Art exhibition at Eden Musée [New York].[20]
The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, now the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, had acquired works by Nicholls by 1882.[21][22]
He and his third wife were members of the Buffalo Historical Society.[23][24]
Death
Nicholls died in May, 1915 in Lockport, New York.[4][18][nb 2]
Collections
Albright–Knox Art Gallery: Hunting up a Quotation and A Group of Fowls[18][26]
Peabody Institute: The Vegetable Garden[18]
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts: Effect of Sunlight[18][27]
Andrew Carnegie and Parisian M. Johannot were collectors of his works.[3]
Notes
In 1898 he and his mother lived in the same house in Lockport, New York.[14] and in 1902 he had an art studio in the Coal & Iron Exchange Building in Buffalo.[15]
The Union List of Artists Names records Stamford, Connecticut as the place of death.[25]
References
"Burr H. Nicholls - dates and cemetery". Find a Grave. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1897). Descriptive Catalogue of the Permanent Collections of Works of Art on Exhibition in the Galleries. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. p. 34.
The Artists Year Book. Art League Publishing Association. 1905. p. 141.
"Art Talent Survives Years of Neglect (Henry M. Nicholls)" (PDF). Union-Sun & Journal (Lockport, New York): 6. January 27, 1955.
George Washington Cable (1896). The Symposium: A Monthly Literary Magazine. J.W. Cable. p. 96.
The International Who's who: Who's who in the World : a Biographical Dictionary of the World's Notable Living Men and Women. International Who's Who Publishing Company. 1911. p. 809.
Quarterly Illustrator. H. C. Jones. 1893. p. 35.
Frances Elizabeth Willard; Mary Ashton Rice Livermore (1893). A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life. Moulton. p. 535.
Kirsten M. Jensen (2007). The American Salon: The Art Gallery at the Chicago Interstate Industrial Exposition, 1873-1890. ProQuest. pp. 437, 449–450, 476. ISBN 978-0-549-25892-6.
Quarterly Illustrator. H. C. Jones. 1893. p. 36.
George Washington Cable (1896). The Symposium: A Monthly Literary Magazine. J.W. Cable. pp. 96–97.
"Rhoda Holmes Nicholls". Williams College Museum of Art. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
"Wife's Success Killed Love". The Evening News (Ada, Oklahoma): 4. October 30, 1906.
Waite's Lockport City Directory, L.P. Waite & Company, Publishers, 1898, p. 229
Buffalo, New York, City Directory, 1902
"Artists Disagree: Divorce". Cedar Falls Gazette (Cedar Falls, Iowa): 6.
National Society for the Prevention of Blindness (1940). The Heritage Left by Dr. Park Lewis.
"Burr H. Nicholls (obituary)". American Art News 13 (33). June 12, 1915. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
Buffalo (N.Y.). Pan-American Exposition, 1901 (1901). Catalogue of the Exhibition of Fine Arts. D. Gray. pp. 3, 14.
"Art Notes". Epoch. Epoch publishing Company. 1891. p. 212. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
The United States Art Directory and Yearbook. [1st-2d Year] A Guide for Artists, Art Students, Travellers, Etc. Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Company. 1882. p. 23.
The United States Art Directory and Year-book. Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Company. 1884. pp. 78, 188.
Frank Hayward Severance (1906). Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society: Volume IX. Buffalo Historical Society. p. 503.
Buffalo Historical Society (Buffalo, N.Y.) (1917). Address of the President and Report of the Director Submitted at the Annual Meeting. pp. 14, 66.
"Burr H. Nicholls". Union List of Artists Names. The J. Paul Getty Trust. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
Buffalo Fine Arts Academy (1907). Catalogue of the Permanent Collection of Sculpture and Paintings, with Some Additions. Academy. pp. 53, 54, 55.
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1903). Descriptive catalogue of the permanent collections of works of art on exhibition in the galleries. The Academy. p. 43.
External links
Burr H. Nicholls, Smithsonian Institution, Collections Search Center
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