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Bartholomeus Spranger / Bartholomäus Spranger

Paintings

Minerva Victorious over Ignorance Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Minerva Victorious over Ignorance

Saint Dorothy Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Saint Dorothy

Glaucus and Scylla Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Glaucus and Scylla

Venus and Mars warned by Mercury Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Venus and Mars warned by Mercury

Hercules Deianira and the Centaur Nessus Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Hercules Deianira and the Centaur Nessus

Venus and Adonis Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Venus and Adonis

Salmacis and Hermaphroditos Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Salmacis and Hermaphroditos

The Adoration of the Kings Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

The Adoration of the Kings

Fall of Man Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Fall of Man

Vulcan and Maia Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Vulcan and Maia

Venus in Vulcans Forge Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Venus in Vulcans Forge

Apollo and the Muses Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Apollo and the Muses

Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus

Venus and Adonis 2 Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Venus and Adonis 2

Apollo and the Muses on Mount Parnassus Print by Manner of Bartholomeus Spranger

Apollo and the Muses on Mount Parnassus

The Four Elements Print by Follower of Bartholomeus Spranger

The Four Elements

Bartholomäus Spranger

Self-portrait

Bartholomäus Spranger

The Adoration of the Kings

Bartholomäus Spranger

Angelika and Medor

Bartholomäus Spranger

Epitaph of the goldsmith Müller, detail

Bartholomäus Spranger

Epitaph of the goldsmith Müller, detail

Bartholomäus Spranger

Heracles and Omphale

Bartholomäus Spranger

Hermes and Athena

Bartholomäus Spranger

Mars on the battlefield

Bartholomäus Spranger

Vanitas

Bartholomäus Spranger

Venus and Adonis , Rijksmuseum

Figure Studies Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Figure Studies

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Minerva Victorious over Ignorance Print by Bartholomeus Spranger

Minerva Victorious over Ignorance

Bartholomeus Spranger (name variations: Bartholomaeus or Bartholomäus and Spraneers;[1] 21 March 1546 in Antwerp – 1611 in Prague) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, sculptor and etcher who became a painter to the imperial court in Prague. His unique style combining elements of Netherlandish painting and Italian influences, in particular the Roman Mannerists, had an important influence on other artists in Prague and beyond.[2]

Biography

He trained with Cornelis van Dalem, Jan Mandijn, and Frans Mostaert, all three landscape painters. He further copied prints of Frans Floris and Parmigianino.[2] He traveled to Paris on 1 March 1565 where he worked for six weeks in the workshop of Marc Duval. He then travelled on to Italy, where he first stayed for eight months in Milan. He then worked for three months in Parma as an assistant to Bernardino Gatti on the painting of the dome of the Santa Maria della Steccata.

He worked on wall paintings in various churches. In Rome he became, like El Greco, a protégé of Giulio Clovio. Here he also met Karel van Mander who would later include a biography of Spranger in the Schilder-boeck. Pope Pius V appointed him court painter in 1570. He was summoned to Vienna by Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, who died soon after his arrival in 1576. But his successor Rudolf II was even more keen to employ him, and in 1581 he was appointed court painter and also valet de chambre, the court having moved its seat to Prague, where he stayed until his death there in 1611, shortly before Rudolf was deposed. Rudolf arranged a wealthy marriage for him, and his house was a centre for artists in Prague.


Work
Venus and Adonis

Spranger's paintings for Rudolf mostly depict mythological nudes in various complex poses, with some connection to the Emperor's esoteric Late-Renaissance philosophical ideas. His paintings are the most characteristic of the final phase of Northern Mannerism. By far the best collection is in Vienna. His drawings have great energy, in a very free technique.[3]

Spranger also worked as a sculptor. He may have a acquired his knowledge of sculpture through his collaboration with the Flemish sculptor Hans Mont, who also worked at the Prague court. After Mont left the Prague court, Spranger appears to have worked intermittently as a sculptor for the emperor, at least until Adriaen de Vries arrived in Prague in 1601. A terracotta relief of the 'Body of Christ Supported by an Angel' (Courtauld Gallery) is by his hand. The Walters Museum holds a bronze 'Achelous and Deianeira' which is attributed to him. There is no record of any sculpture by Spranger in Rudolf II’s collection.[2]

Aegidius Sadeler, who lived in his house in Prague for some time, and Hendrik Goltzius made engravings of his paintings, spreading Spranger's fame around Europe.


Collections

Much the best collection is in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, mostly from the Imperial collection. Most museum print rooms will have examples of his prints. There are 3 oil paintings by Spranger in the Blanton Art Museum in Austin, Texas (Saint Catherine, Saint Ursula, Saint Margaret).
References

Bartholomeus Spranger at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (Dutch)
C. Höper. "Spranger, Bartholomäus." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 20 May. 2014
Drawing by Spranger at the Met

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