August Allebé (1838 – 1927) was a 19th-century artist and teacher from the Northern Netherlands. His early paintings were in a romantic style, but in his later work he was an exponent of realism and impressionism. He was a major initiator and promoter of Amsterdam Impressionism, the artist's association St. Lucas, and the movement of the Amsterdamse Joffers.[1][2][3] Amsterdam Impressionism – sometimes referred to by art historians as the School of Allebé – was the counterflow to the very strong Hague School in the movement of Dutch Impressionism. As a professor at the Royal Academy of Amsterdam (Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten) he fostered a cosmopolitan attitude toward art and the promotion and motivation of his students, and provided a significant stimulus to developments in modern art.
Biography
Portrait by Allebé of Johannes Luden, 1868, collection Teylers Museum
He was born in Amsterdam. According to the RKD he followed evening classes at Felix Meritis and studied at the Antwerp Academy, the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten, and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.[4] He was a pupil of Petrus Franciscus Greive, Adolphe Mouilleron, Charles Rochussen and Louis Royer. He became a member of Arti et Amicitiae in Amsterdam from 1863 and a member of Société Royale Belge des Aquarellistes from 1868.[4] In 1870 he became a professor at the Royal Academy of Amsterdam (Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten) and was a director there from 1880.[4] The RKD lists 179 pupils and it is known that he stayed in correspondence with ex-pupils and several artists came back to the academy to be able to follow classes with him.[4]
He was a strong influence on the Amsterdamse Joffers, and had close ties with Amsterdam Impressionism.
He died in Amsterdam in 1927 and is buried at Zorgvlied cemetery.
A square is named after him in the neighborhood of streets named after 19th- and 20th-century Dutch painters in Overtoomse Veld-Noord, Amsterdam.
Art Association St. Lucas
In 1880, the Artist's association St. Lucas to Amsterdam was founded with his support.[5] They became part of the Amsterdam art scene, and community center of artists and lovers of painting. Here contacts were made, passed on knowledge and thus the antithesis of successful structured Hague School, which was part of the international movement of impressionism. In addition, links to Amsterdam Soziëteit Arti et Amicitiae were present, which were essential for both institutions.
Some of his well-known students
Lizzy Ansingh (1875–1959)[6]
Floris Arntzenius (1864–1925)
Johan Braakensiek (1858–1940)[7]
Nicolaas Bastert (1854–1939
Johanna Bauer-Stumpff (1873–1964)[6]
Tjeerd Bottema (1884–1978)[7]
Johan Coenraad Braakensiek (1858–1940)
Cornelius de Bruin (1870–1940)
Georg Hendrik Breitner (1857–1923)[8]
Antoon Derkinderen (1859–1925)
Eduard Frankfort (1864–1920)
Leo Gestel (1881–1941)
Arnold Marc Gorter (1866–1933)
Richard Roland Holst (1884–1956)
Isaac Israëls (1865–1934)
Cornelius Jetses (1873–1955)[7]
Hendrik Maarten Krabbé (1868–1931)
Jacobus van Looy (1855–1930)
Kees Maks (1876–1967)
Herman Mees (1880–1964)
Wally Moes (1856–1918)
Pieter Cornelius Mondriaan (1872–1944)[9]
Martin Monnickendam (1874–1943)
Gerard Muller (1861–1929)
Jacoba Johanna Ritsema (1876–1961)[6]
Suse Robertson(1855–1922)[6][10]
Jan Slyters (1881–1957)
Hobbe Smith (1862–1942)
Dirk Smorenberg (1883–1960)
Willem Bastiaan Tholen (1860–1931)
Jan Tiele (1884–1956)
Johannes Theodorus Toorop (1858–1928)
Maurits van der Valk (1857–1935) [11]
Jan Pieter Veth (1864–1925)
Gerhard Westermann (1880–1971)
Petrus Theodorus van Wijngaerdt (1873–1964)
Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1855–1925)
Ernst Witkamp (1854–1897)
Willem Witsen 1860–1923)
Jan Zoetelief Tromp (1872–1947)
Successful students of Allebé
Lizzy Ansingh – she won the Barend Polviet and the Willink van Collenprijs in 1906.
Pieter Florentius Nicolaas Jacobus Arntzenius – he got a commendation from the Willink van Collenprijs in 1890.
Eduard Frankfort – he got the Gold medal from the Sociëteit Arti et Amicitae.
Hendrik Maarten Krabbé – he got a commendation by the Willink van Collenprijs in 1889.
Wally Moes - she won the 1. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1884.
Henri Goovaerts – he won the Prix de Rome in 1890.
Gerard Muller - he won the 1. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1887.
Hobbe Smith - he won the 2. plsce of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1888.
Willem Bastiaan Tholen - he won the 2. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1883 and in 1903 he got from the Queen Königin the Gold Medal of honor.
Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller – won the 1. Platz of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1883.
Ernst Witkamp – he won the 1. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1882.
Willem Witsen - he won the 2. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1885.
Gallery of the important students
Floris Arntzenius (1874/1925): Market with flower stalls, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Nicolaas Bastert (1890): Vechtlandschap
Nicolaas Bastert (1890/1919): Een waterplas in een weiland, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Suze Bisschop Robertson (1900):Woman spinning, Gemeentemuseum Helmond
Richard Roland Holst (1888/95): Boomgaard te Eemnes, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Johan Coenraad Braakensiek (1926): Hartjesdag, Amsterdam Museum
George Hendrik Breitner (1893/95): Girl in a Red Kimono
Antoon Derkinderen: De Bazel, Vijzelstraat, Amsterdam
Antoon Derkinderen (1889): Processie van het H. Sacrament van Miracel, Amsterdamse Begijnhofkapel
Leo Gestel (1910): A sunny morning
Arnold Marc Gorter (1900): Vordense Beek in de winter
Hendrik Maarten Krabbé (1900): Young lady
Jacobus van Looy (1890/95): Café, Franz-Hals-Museum
Wally Moes (1900): Sleeping baby
Piet Mondrian (1903): Oostzijdse Mill along the River Gein by Moonlight, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Piet Mondriaan (1908): Mill in Sunlight, Gemeentemuseum The Hague
Piet Mondriaan (1939/42): Composition 10
Hobbe Smith (1913): Gezicht op de IJhaven en de Javakade naar het westen, met een "blauwpijper" van de Nederlandsche Stoomvaart Maatschappij Oceaan-Havengezicht het IJ ten zuiden v-d Handelskade, Amsterdam Museum.
Willem Bastiaan Tholen (1882): De schilder Gabriël aan het werk in de vrije natuur, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam
Johannes Theodorus Toorop(1885): Annie Hall in Lissadell, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
Maurits van der Valk (1917): Stilleven met schelp en schaaltje
Jan Pieter Veth (1885): Portret van Albert Verwey, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1900): A winter landscape with houses along a canal
Exhibition
Allebé, August 1838 – 1927, Teylers Museum, Dortrecht
In possession of the Museum a.s.f.
Historisch Museum, Amsterdam,
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam,
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam,
Universiteit van Amsterdam,
Dordrechtsmuseum, Dordrecht,
Rijksmuseum "Zuiderzeemuseum", Enkhuizen,
Teyler Museum, Haarlem,
Gemeentemuseum, The Hague,
Museum Mesdag, The Hague,
Rijksmuseum Köller-Müller, Otterlo,
Stania State, Oenkerk,
Leiden Universiteit,
Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam and
Fogelsaugh State, Veonkloster.
Biography
Hammacher, A.W. (1946): Amsterdamsche Impressionisten en hun Kring, Amsterdam, J.M. Meulenhoff
Loos, Wiepke und van Serooskerken, Carpel van Tuyll (1988): Waarde Heer Allebé – Leven en werk van August Allebé (1838–1927), Wanders, ISBN 90-6630-124-4
Muller, Sheila D. (2013): Dutch Art – An Encyclopedia, Routledge, ISBN 1-135-49574-2
Bouret, Jean: L'École de Barbizon et le paysage française au XIXe siècle, Neuchâtel, 1972
Pillement, Georges: Les Pré-Impressionistes, Zug, 1972, CCLC 638279063
Berson, Ruth (1989): The new Painting: Impressionism 1874 – 1886, Documentation, 3 Bd., Phaidon Press Ltd. Oxford, ISBN 0-7148-2430-5
Broude, Norma (1990): Impressionismus – eine Internationale Bewegung 1860–1920, Dumond Buchverlag Köln, ISBN 3-8321-7454-0
Constable, Freda: John Constable, a biography, 1776–1837, Lavenham, Dalton, 1975, ISBN 0-900963-54-9
Noon, Patrick (1991): John Parkers Bonington – On the Pleasure of Painting, Balding + Mansell, ISBN 0-300-05108-5
Sillevis, John; Kraan, Hans und Dorn, Roland 1987: Die Haager Schule, Meisterwerke der Holländischen Malerei des 19. Jahrhunderts aus Haags Gemeentemuseum, Ausst.Kat. Kunsthalle Mannheim, Edition Braus, ISBN 3-925835-08-3
Pfeifer, Ingrid und Hollein, Max (2008): Impressionistinnen, Aust.-Kat. Kunsthalle Frankfurt, Hatje Crantz, ISBN 3-7757-2078-2
Die Düsseldorfter Malerschule 1830–1920, Bd. 1 und 2, Ausst.-Kat. D'dorf, ISBN 3-86568-702-4
House, John und Stevens Mary Anne (1979): Post-Impresionism, Weidenfeld and Nicolson London, ISBN 0-297-77713-0
Guratzsch, Hedwig (1979): Die große Zeit der niederländischen Malerei, Herder, ISBN 3-451-18218-1
Brax, Dr. d. (1952): Hollandes en vlaamse Schilderkunst in Zuid-Afríka, J.H. de Bussy Amsterdam
Heilmann, Christoph; Clarke, Michael und Sillevis, John (1996): Corot, Courbet und die Maler von Barbizon (Les amis de la nature), Klinkhardt & Biermann, ISBN 3-7814-0395-5
Loos, Wiepke; te Rijdt, Robert Jan und van Heteren, Marjan (1997): Niederländische Landschaftsmaler: Meisterwerke des 18. und des 19. Jahrhunderts, Ausst.-Kat. Belser Verlag, ISBN 3-7630-2353-4
Bühler, Hans Peter (1979): Die Schule von Barbizon, Verlag F. Bruckmann KG, München, 1979
Moffet, Charles S. (1986): The New Painting 1878–1886, Ausst.-Kat. Phaidon Oxford, ISBN 0-7148-2430-5
Beyeler, Ernst (2002): Claude Monet und die Geburt des Impressionismus, Ausst.-Kat., Prestel, ISBN 3-7913-5414-0
Aschoff, Ulrike (2014): Camille Pissarro – der Vater des Impressionismus, Ausst.-Kat. von der Heydt Museum, ISBN 3-89202-091-4
Lorenceau, Bernhard (1996): Johan Barthold Jongkind – 1819 –1891, Brame Lorenceau Paris, ISBN 2-9510156-0-7
van Eikeren, Johan H. (1947): De Amsterdamse Joffers: Maria E. van Regteren Altena, Ans van den Berg, Jo Bauer-Stumpff, Nelly Bodenheim., Lizzy Ansingh, Coba Ritsema, Coba Surie, Betsie Westendorp-Osieck, ISBN 90-5897-422-7
Glorie, Ingrid (2000): Juffers en Joffers: een eerbewijs aan vrouwen in de schilderkunst, De Doelenpers, ISBN 90-70655-27-6
Wright, Christopher (1980): Paintings in Dutch Museums, Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., London, ISBN 0-85667-077-4
Publications
J. Knoef, onbekende grafiek van A. Allebé, Oud Holland, 68, 1953, Seite 174–178
A. Hoogendoorn, Een jeugdwerk von August Allebé, Oud Holland, 69, 1954, Seite 58 ff.
References
From about 1610 the old guilds emerged in the Low Countries and the last was disbanded around 1795. Almost every town had such one and they were founded for economic reasons. They must be seen in connection with the 1. Dutch golden age of painting.
It was named after the patron of the painters.
The flow of Amsterdamse Joffers is a movement within the Amsterdam Impressionism. Its members, however, have always chosen their own way.
August Allebé in the RKD
The patron saint of painters is the Holy St. Luke. This new artist's association has been named after him. The first arts guilds of St. Lucas was founded in the 16th century in the Low Countries. The starting point was the reform movement of 1579 and the shaking of the Catholic state power of the Habsburg Kingdom of Spain. In 1610/11 they were founded in Haarlem, Gouda, Delft, Rotterdam and The Hague. The last of their kind existed in Antwerp until 1795.
She belonged to the "Amsterdamse Joffers", part of the Amsterdamse Impressionism.
He had got private lessons.
He spent a short time at the academy and left it for Paris.
Art historians believe that Piet Mondriaan was student of Prof. Allebé, too.
She had got private lessons.
In 1880 he got the membership of St. Lucas as student.
August Allebé on Artnet
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