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Piana (Greek: Πιάνα) is a historical village of Arcadia and one of the most beautiful traditional Greek villages of Peloponnese. It is built at the Mainalo mountain, near the ruins of the ancient city Dipaia (Greek: Διπαία).

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The name of Piana is connected with the mythological god Pan (modern Greek: Πάνας), who, according to the ancient Greek mythology, had the legs of the goat under his human body. Piana belongs to the province of Mantineia and constitutes today a municipal department of the municipality of Falanthos.

Locality and access to Piana

Piana

Piana, Photo: mikamike

Piana is built in sides of mountain range of Mainalo in altitude of 1090 metres and with Eastern report. The distance from Athens is roughly 190 kilometres that are covered by road in roughly two hours. Piana is found in southernly the capital of Prefecture Arkadia, that is Tripoli, and it abstains from this 19 kilometres. The access in the village becomes following the road axis Tripoli-Alonistaina-Vytina, following the bypass to the left in the 18th km, through a green forest route which crosses the evergreen region of Mainalo.

In the square of Piana dominates the church of Saint Georgios. The church is built on imposing rock in the centre of village. The church of Saint Georgios is a basilica with three aisles, a dome and two splendidly stonebuild belfries. The trunke of church is from stone and during Ottoman domination, it was a castle.

Piana is a member village of the municipality of Falanthos and it is very close to the other villages of Falanthos like Alonistaina, Chrysovitsi, Roeino, Davia, Zarakova, Mantaiika, Tselepakos and Silimna. Moreover, visitors of the very famous nearby destinations like Vitina, Stemnitsa and Dimitsana can easily visit Piana.
The demographic data of Piana

According to the demographic inventory 2001, in Piana found 227 registered residents. The permanent residents of village at the duration of winter, exceed just some dozens today.
The role of Piana during the Greek Revolution of 1821

At the revolution of 1821 the village played decisive role due to difficulties to access. For this reason the region around Piana constituted the ideal den for the Armatoloi and Kleftes.

In Piana were organised by Theodoros Kolokotronis the first military departments that strengthened the battle of Valtetsi and dominated over Turks in Tripolitsa later on. The name of Piana is historically unbreakably connected with the catering of Kolokotronis armed forces with the essentials for their winning battles.

In the courtyard of another beautiful church of the village, named Panagitsa Polykammeni, because of the repeatedly Turk's efforts to ruin it with fire, it is saved today a traditional wood-oven. By the ovens of Piana the Greek camps of revolution, were provided with bread .
Limpovisi

In distance of 7 kilometres of westwards Piana is found the historical Limpovisi(Greek: Λιμποβίσι). It is the Homeland of Kolokotronis' Family and the natural space in which he grew during his childhood and also acted Theodoros Kolokotronis or Geros Tou Moria(Greek: Γέρος Του Μωριά). At the inventory of Enetoi(Greek: Ενετοί) in 1711 were recorded 500 residents at Limpovisi. Nowadays at Limpovisi, the House of Kolokotronis family has been restored and functions as a museum. In the courtyard of Limpovisi also exists the country church of Ai-Yannis(Greek: Άι-Γιάννης).

The wider space of Limpovisi was reformed with donation of the unforgettable Panagiotis Aggelopoulos in the year 1990. In the square functions also municipal refreshment stand.
Arkoudorema

In small distance from Limpovisi, is found the depopulated village Arkoudorema (Greek: Αρκουδόρεμα). Arkoudorema, existed up to 1930-31 and together with the Limpovisi, administratively belonged to the village of Piana. Deep in the gorge of Arkoudorema, ruins of the old Arkoudorema houses are saved until today.

Worthseeing is also the renovated stone tap of Arkoudorema, that is found very near to the church of Virgin Mary of Arkoudorema. The church of Virgin Mary of Arkoudorema was built in 1719.

The waters from the Arkoudorema gorge meet with those of the Elissonas River which crosses the plain of Piana.

Arkoudorema is of equal historical importance with that of Limpovisi, because his embossed territory it constituted also this place suitable for reorganization of armed forces before the historical battles of 1821.
The Folklore Museum of Piana

In the village functions the Folklore Museum of Piana with richly as much as unique exhibits.

This exhibits are constituted by infrequent collections of utensiles and vessels and are related with the daily life of previous generations of Piana residents, religious and ecclesiastical heirlooms, as well as samples of martial equipment of the fighters of the Greek Revolution of 1821.

The exclusive assiduity and support of this effort came solely from the Papanikolas Institution Beneficial to the Public.

The Elissonas River

The plain of Piana is crossed by the Elissonas River. The waters of Elissonas river gush from the sources of the foot of Pianovouni and it gives life to the very few residents of region that cultivate the ground or raise their animals. Important part of these sources' water of Elisson River is collected for the water supply of the residents of Tripolis, the Capital of the Arkadian prefecture.

In the middle of the plain of Piana, the waters of the Elisson river are lost deep in the ground and it is believed that they do appear again in the region of Megalopolis. At length dormitory of river Elisson used to function 12 stone watermills for the grinding of cerials of the region and 6 traditional stone washing factories (Greek: Νεροτριβή) for the washing of the heavy clothing. Some of these buildings are saved until our days in very good situation.
The Pianovouni Mountain and Pan

In the mountain that is found above the sources of Elisson river that called Pianovouni(Greek: Πιανοβούνι), is found the cave of the god Pan. The local fable, wants Pan to live in this cave and with his flute to flood with magic sounds the marvelous ravine of the Elisson Sources.

Also, the etymology of name of Piana is brought to be connected with the God Panas.
Main cultivation and the products of Piana

The main products are potatoes, walnuts, tomatoes, courgettes, cauliflowers and beans.

Traditionally Piana was very famous for the high production of apples and constituted very important income for the local economy. Particularly acquaintance was the cultivated variety Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos Apples (Greek: Μήλα Τριπόλεως). Today the cultivation of the apple trees has been minimized in total and just meets the needs of the Piana residents. The main causes that the culture of apple trees were abandoned, particularly the variety Pilafa Delicious, is related to the increased needs of trees in farming care as well as in not guaranteed and unstable output from year-to-year mainly due to the unfavourable meteorological conditions or the apple trees diseases.

Moreover, because a very important part of the ground of Piana as well as of the wider region, is covered with firs, it is produced honey of fir of high quality (Greek: Μέλι Ελάτης) as well as the acquaintance for the flavour of Honey of Fir Mainalou Vanilla(Greek: Μέλι Ελάτης Μαινάλου Βανίλια).
The Weather Conditions of Piana

The climate of Piana is mountainous. During the winter there are enough rainfalls, snowfalls and frost, while in the summertime are presented big fluctuations in the temperature of day-night.
References

http://www.falanthos.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24&Itemid=29
http://www.pianarcadia.gr
http://www.eetaa.gr/cgi-bin/msql/esye/Ota01
Michael Sarantopoulos, Thesis title: Insects of Apple trees in Piana Arkadia, 1994, Agricultural University of Athens.
Stefanos Psimenos, Unexplored Peloponnese, Road Editions.
Official Journal of the Hellenic Republic, 150/24, Vol A, (Refers to the administrative annexation of Arkoudorema in Piana).
http://www.agrocert.gr/pages/content.asp?cntID=26&catID=15

External links

http://arcadia.ceid.upatras.gr/arkadia/places/piana.htm¶
http://www.falanthos.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24&Itemid=29