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Croton or Crotona (present-day Crotone), in the "toe" of the Italian peninsula, was an Achaean colony from c. 710 BC on the coast of the Sinus Tarentinus (Gulf of Taranto), that became a powerful early city of Magna Graecia. It was notable for its resident Pythagoras and his school, the Pythagoreans, for its school of medicine and for producing many generations of victors in the Olympic Games and the other Panhellenic Games. One of the most famous of these was Milo of Croton.

Stamp of Milo of Crotona

Sybaris was the rival of Croton, until c. 510 BC, Crotona sent an army of 100,000 men, commanded by the athlete Milo, against Sybaris and destroyed it. Dionysius the tyrant of Syracuse aiming at hegemony in Magna Graecia, temporarily held Croton. When Pyrrhus invaded Italy it was still a considerable city. But after the war with Pyrrhus half the city became deserted. Crotona was then occupied by the Brutti, with the exception of the citadel, in which the chief inhabitants had taken refuge; these, being unable to defend the place against a Carthaginian force, soon after surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri. Crotona eventually fell into the hands of the Romans, in 193 BC, and a colony was established there.