Wayne Thiebaud (born November 15, 1920) is an American painter best known for his colorful works depicting commonplace objects—pies, lipsticks, paint cans, ice cream cones, pastries, and hot dogs—as well as for his landscapes and figures. He is associated with the Pop art movement because of his interest in objects of mass culture, although his early works, executed during the fifties and sixties, slightly predate the works of the classic pop artists. Thiebaud uses heavy pigment and exaggerated colors to depict his subjects, and the well-defined shadows characteristic of advertisements are almost always included in his work.
Early life and education
Wayne Thiebaud was born to Mormon parents in Mesa, Arizona, U.S.A.. His family moved to Long Beach, California when he was six months old.[1] One summer during his high school years he apprenticed at the Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Studio making "in-betweeners" of Goofy, Pinocchio, and Jiminy Cricket making $14 a week. The next summer he studied at the Frank Wiggins Trade School in Los Angeles. From 1938 to 1949, he worked as a cartoonist and designer in California and New York. He served as an artist in the First Motion Picture Unit of the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1945.[2]
In 1949, he enrolled at San Jose State College (now San Jose State University) before transferring to Sacramento State College (now California State University, Sacramento), where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1951 and a master's degree in 1952.
Early career
Thiebaud subsequently began teaching at Sacramento City College. In 1960, he became assistant professor at the University of California, Davis, where he remained through the 1970s and influenced numerous art students. Thiebaud did not have much of a following among Conceptual artists because of his adherence to basically traditional disciplines, emphasis on hard work as a supplement to creativity, and love of realism. Occasionally, he gave pro bono lectures at U.C. Davis.
On a leave of absence during 1956–57, he spent time in New York City, where he became friends with Elaine and Willem de Kooning[1] and Franz Kline, and was much influenced by these abstractionists as well as by proto-pop artists Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns. During this time, he began a series of very small paintings based on images of food displayed in windows, and he focused on their basic shapes.
Returning to California, he pursued this subject matter and style, isolating triangles, circles, squares, etc. He also co-founded the Artists Cooperative gallery, now Artists Contemporary Gallery, and other cooperatives including Pond Farm, having been exposed to the concept of cooperatives in New York.
In 1960, he had his first solo show in San Francisco at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and shows in New York City at the Staempfli and Tanager galleries. These shows received little notice, but two years later, a 1962 Sidney Janis Gallery exhibition in New York officially launched Pop Art, bringing Thiebaud national recognition, although he disclaimed being anything other than a painter of illusionistic form.
In 1961, Thiebaud met and became friends with art dealer Allan Stone (1932–2006), the man who gave him his first "break."[2] Stone was Thiebaud's dealer until Stone's death in 2006.[3] Stone said of Thiebaud "I have had the pleasure of friendship with a complex and talented man, a terrific teacher and cook, the best raconteur in the west with a spin serve, and a great painter whose magical touch is exceeded only by his genuine modesty and humility. Thiebaud's dedication to painting and his pursuit of excellence inspire all who are lucky enough to come in contact with him. He is a very special man." After Stone's death, Thiebaud's son Paul Thiebaud (1960–2010) took over as his dealer. Paul Thiebaud was a successful art dealer in his own right and had eponymous galleries in Manhattan and San Francisco; he died June 19, 2010.
In 1962, Thiebaud's work was included, along with Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, Jim Dine, Phillip Hefferton, Joe Goode, Edward Ruscha, and Robert Dowd, in the historically important and ground-breaking "New Painting of Common Objects," curated by Walter Hopps at the Pasadena Art Museum (now the Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadena).[4] This exhibition is historically considered one of the first Pop Art exhibitions in America. These painters were part of a new movement, in a time of social unrest, which shocked America and the art world.
In 1963, he turned increasingly to figure painting: wooden and rigid, with each detail sharply emphasized. In 1964, he made his first prints at Crown Point Press, and has continued to make prints throughout his career. In 1967, his work was shown at the Biennale Internationale.
Wayne Thiebaud has been married twice. With his first wife, Patricia Patterson, he produced two children, one of whom is the model and writer Twinka Thiebaud. With his second wife, Betty Jean Carr, he had a son, Paul LeBaron Thiebaud, who became an art dealer. He also adopted Betty's son, Matthew.[5][6]
Work
Thiebaud is well known for his paintings of production line objects found in diners and cafeterias, such as pies and pastries. As a young man in Long Beach, he worked at a cafe named Mile High and Red Hot, where "Mile High" was ice cream and "Red Hot" was a hot dog.[7]
He was associated with the Pop art painters because of his interest in objects of mass culture; however, his works, executed during the fifties and sixties, slightly predate the works of the classic pop artists, suggesting that Thiebaud may have had an influence on the movement. Thiebaud uses heavy pigment and exaggerated colors to depict his subjects, and the well-defined shadows characteristic of advertisements are almost always included in his work.[8] Thiebaud is averse to labels such as "fine art" versus "commercial art" and has described himself as "just an old-fashioned painter".[9] He dislikes Andy Warhol's "flat" and "mechanical" paintings and does not count himself as a pop artist.[10][11]
In addition to pastries, Thiebaud has painted characters such as Mickey Mouse as well as landscapes, streetscapes, and cityscapes, which were influenced by the work of Richard Diebenkorn.[12] His paintings such as Sunset Streets (1985) and Flatland River (1997) are noted for their hyper realism, and have been compared to Edward Hopper's work, another artist who was fascinated with mundane scenes from everyday American life.[12]
Thiebaud is a voracious reader and is known for reading poetry to his students.
Notable works
1961 Pies, Pies, Pies
1962 Around the Cake
1962 Bakery Counter
1962 Candy Counter
1963 Cakes
1963 Three Machines
1963 Girl with Ice Cream Cone
1964 Three Strawberry shakes
1964 Man Sitting - Back View
1966 Powder With Puff
1968 Coloma Ridge
1970 Seven Suckers
1971 Four Cupcakes
1975 Shoe Rows
1977 24th Street Intersection
1981 Hill Street (Day City)
1987 Two Paint Cans
1993 Apartment View
1996 Farm Channel
1999 Reservoir
2002 Jolly Cones (Ice Cream Cones)
2008 Three Ice cream cones
2010 Google - 12th Birthday Cake
Collections
Thiebaud’s works are also in permanent collections at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C.; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento; Phoenix Art Museum.[13] Nelson-Atkins Art Museum, Kansas City, Missouri; and many other institutions.
Recognition
On October 14, 1994, Thiebaud was presented with the National Medal of Arts by President Clinton. He also received the Lifetime Achievement Award for Art from the American Academy of Design in 2001.[13] Thiebaud was inducted into the California Hall of Fame in 2010 at the California Museum, Sacramento,[13] and in 2013, he was honored with the California Art Award in recognition of his part in raising the prominence of California art around the world.[14]
Influences
One of Thiebaud's students from Sacramento City College was the artist Fritz Scholder (1937–2005), who went on to become a major influence in the direction of American Indian art through his instruction at the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico (1964–1969). Mel Ramos, a painter and retired professor of art at California State University, East Bay, considers Thiebaud to be his mentor.[15]
Notes
Brown, Patricia Leigh (September 29, 2010). "Sweet Home California". New York Times. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
Thiebaud and Berkson 1994 (unpaginated).
"Gallery". Allan Stone Gallery. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
"Museum History". Norton Simon Museum. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
Gallery memorial Retrieved August 27, 2010
Paul Thiebaud, art dealer son of painter, dies
Scheller, William (2008). America, a history in art: the American journey told by painters, sculptors, photographers, and architects. Black Dog Publishing.
McGuigan, Cathleen (February 2011). "Wayne Thiebaud Is Not a Pop Artist". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
"Thiebaud on Being a Pop Artist". Smithsonian. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
Boxer, Sarah (February 17, 2008). "Life Is Sweet". New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
Hodge, Susie (2012). Why Your Five Year Old Could Not Have Done That: Modern Art Explained. pp. 42–43. ISBN 9783791347356. LCCN 2012940064.
Yau, John (July–August 2010). "Wayne Thiebaud: 70 Years of Painting". The Brooklyn Rail.
Wayne Thiebaud: A Retrospective, October 23 - November 30, 2012 Acquavella Galleries, New York.
David Ng (October 14, 2013), Wayne Thiebaud donates works to Laguna Art Museum Los Angeles Times.
Shields, Scott A.; Johnathon Keats; Diana L. Daniels (2012). Mel Ramos: 50 Years of Superheroes, Nudes, and Other Pop Delights. San Francisco: Modernism, Inc. p. 4. ISBN 978-09830673-2-0.
References
John Coplans, "New Paintings of Common Objects", Artforum, November, 1962. (Illustrations)
Thiebaud, Wayne, and Bill Berkson. 1994. Wayne Thiebaud: figurative works, 1959-1994 : March 22-April 30, 1994. Belmont, CA: Wiegand Gallery, College of Notre Dame in cooperation with the Northern Arizona Art Museum and Galleries.
"1994 Recipients of the National Medal of the Arts," The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (October 13, 1994)
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