Stephen William Shaw (December 15, 1817 – February 12, 1900) was a California '49er and portrait painter who helped discover and name Humboldt Bay and introduced viticulture to Sonoma County by 1864.
Early life
Stephen W. Shaw was born December 15, 1817 at Windsor, Vermont,[1] to Seth and Elizabeth Barrett Shaw, descendants of Puritans and American Revolutionaries.[2] As a young adult, Shaw taught drawing and penmanship at Norwich Military Academy,[1] then became an art teacher and director of the Boston Athenaeum[3] before moving to the American South and making his living as an itinerant portraitist.[1] In 1845, shortly after opening a studio in Lexington, Kentucky, Shaw painted his first known oil portrait.[2] A year later, in Baton Rouge, Shaw painted a portrait of General Zachary Taylor which won a silver medal at the American Institute. In 1848, Shaw was commissioned for $1,000 by the City of New Orleans for a portrait of native son Persifer F. Smith.[4] Shaw traveled to Veracruz and Mexico City, painting the portrait on his return to New Orleans.[2]
Joining the California Gold Rush, Shaw left New Orleans aboard the merchant steamer Isthmus, on April 21, 1849.[5] After crossing the Isthmus of Panama, he booked passage on the Dutch bark, Alexander von Humboldt,[5][6] which left Panama on May 20, 1849. Becalmed for five weeks, they reached Acapulco July 6 where the passengers forced the owners off the boat[7] due to poor provisioning and overcrowding.[8] After more than three months voyage, the ship finally arrived in San Francisco, August 30, 1849[1] and was sold for $17,000 to satisfy the passengers' lien against the owners.[9] One of the other passengers, Collis P. Huntington, formed an association of the 365 survivors of the 102 day passage, called "The Society of the Humboldter." Huntington sponsored reunions and at least one commemorative poster; the last four members met in August 30, 1899.[10]
Contrary to at least one published report,[1] neither ships' manifest lists Shaw's brother Seth Shaw[5] who was elsewhere reported to have crossed the country overland in 1850.[2] Huntington, a large group of fellow passengers, and Stephen Shaw immediately went to the gold mines at Mormon Island[2] for about six months, then Shaw moved to Sacramento for February and March 1850,[3] where he met future judge Edwin B. Crocker, brother of railroad baron Charles Crocker, for whom he would paint more than 25 portraits of notable Californians.[1]
Discovery of Humboldt Bay
In the early part of March 1850, Shaw left San Francisco on the schooner Laura Virginia, under Captain Douglas Ottenger.[4] At anchor near Trinidad on April 7, expedition director E.H. Howard selected Shaw and four others to go ashore at Trinidad Bay to locate the entrance to Humboldt Bay from shore. The six men walked down the beach, were ferried across the Mad River by Indians, and camped for the night on the spit north of the entrance to Humboldt Bay. The next day, the shore party walked back to Trinidad and was picked up by the Laura Virginia.[11]
On April 9, 1850, second mate Hans Henry Buhne piloted the first landing craft over the bar and into Humboldt Bay. Later that same day, two more boatloads of passengers and supplies were landed.[12] On April 14, Buhne piloted the Laura Virginia over the bar and into the bay near the tents of the shore party.[13] Shaw sketched the first views of the bay[1] and insisted the bay be named honoring Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt.[11][14] On April 26, 1850, the San Francisco Daily Journal of Commerce published a wood engraving based on his sketches of Humboldt Bay.[1] Shaw returned to San Francisco on the steamer Sea Gull April 5, 1851.[15]
From Sutter's to farming in Humboldt County
Vallejo's Estate
Vallejo's Estate
The Shaw House
The Shaw House
Shaw's print of Lachryma Montis, 1857
Shaw's 1857 print
It is likely Shaw's drawings of "Lachryma Montis", the Carpenter Gothic home of General Vallejo's in Sonoma, influenced his brother's construction of the Shaw House in Ferndale.
In 1851, Shaw spent much of the year with John Augustus Sutter at Hock Farm on the Feather River as the family portrait painter[16] and general business agent.[2] Following a brief engagement to Sutter's daughter, Ann "Eliza" Sutter (1828 - March,1895),[17] Shaw returned to San Francisco,[2] and later that year, with his brother Seth Shaw and Willard Allen, settled on Table Bluff, near Loleta.
In summer 1852, they moved across the Eel River and began clearing the area where the town of Ferndale, California would later be incorporated.[18] In the rainy winter of 1852-1853, twelve men, including Seth Kinman, stayed with the Shaws because theirs was the most finished cabin.[19] Shaw spent the next two years coaxing plants to grow in the cold coastal fog.[20] Around 1852, he painted the portrait of Wiyot elder Kiwelattah (or Ki-we-lah-tah).[1] Finally, with little to show for his labors,[20] Shaw returned to San Francisco in 1854 and later sold his claim to Ferndale settler Francis Francis, in 1856.[16]
San Francisco portrait painter
Shaw moved quickly in the big city, setting up studio,[3] joining the Mason's California Lodge No. 1 in San Francisco June 1, 1854[2] and painting more than 200 portraits of Masonic Officers,[1] possibly from photographs. Shaw took first prize for best portrait in oils at the 1860 California State Fair.[21]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paintings by Stephen W Shaw.
John Augustus Sutter, June 1851 by Stephen W. Shaw, oil painting approximately 24 inches
John B. Felton, c. 1854 by Stephen W. Shaw
Charles Crocker, c. 1872 by Stephen W. Shaw
Mark Hopkins, Jr., c. 1872 by Stephen W. Shaw
Collis P. Huntington, c. 1872 by Stephen W. Shaw, oil painting 30 x 30 inches
Leland Stanford, c. 1872 by Stephen W. Shaw
Major General John McAllister Schoefield, 1874, by Stephen W. Shaw[22]
On April 18, 1861 Shaw married Mary Frances Meacham at the First Unitarian Church in San Francisco.[23] Shaw grew grapes and is credited with introducing wine grape cultivation to the Sonoma County.[24] The Shaws had two children before Mary died October 2, 1866.[25] Shaw spent 1871 abroad[2] and married Lucretia Swain of Nantucket, Massachusetts[26] August 12, 1873 on his return to San Francisco.[27]
Shaw died February 14, 1900 in San Francisco,[28] memorialized in an obituary in the San Francisco Examiner, 16 February 1900.[1]
Memberships
Shaw was a member of the Masons,[2] the Society of California Pioneers, The Bohemian Club,[3] the Mechanics' Institute[29] and the San Francisco Art Association.[29]
Paintings and manuscripts
Many of Shaw's paintings were lost to the fires of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, those remaining are known to be in collections of the Bancroft Library,[30] M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco,[30] the Oakland Museum,[30] City of New Orleans,[30] Nantucket Historical Society,[30] the Crocker Art Museum of Sacramento,[1] The Ferndale Museum,[16] The Clarke Historical Museum,[30] and the Society of California Pioneers.[30] Shaw painted several family portraits including his mother Elizabeth Barrett Shaw (c. 1860s), brother Sylvanus Harvey Shaw (both at the Ferndale Museum), brother Seth Shaw (Ferndale's Masonic Temple).[20] Shaw descendants preserve another portrait of Seth, a portrait of Seth's wife Isabella Shaw, a small landscape, a self-portrait by Steven Shaw and his original copy of A Record Book of the Farm.
Notables painted by Shaw include:
Louis Agassiz, Harvard Naturalist[31]
Col. Edward D. Baker, U.S. Senator and confidant of Abraham Lincoln (E.B. Crocker Collection #196)
R.B. Blowers, Woodland, California grower and grape transport pioneer (E.B. Crocker Collection #748)
Peter Burnett, first governor of California, (E.B. Crocker Collection #210)
David C. Broderick, U.S. Senator, (E.B. Crocker Collection #206)
Charles Crocker,1872 (E.B. Crocker Collection #383)
Judge E.B. Crocker, 1872 (E.B. Crocker Collection #384)
Isaac Elphinston Davis, (1833–1888) passenger on the Alexander von Humboldt (private collection)
Mrs. Isaac Elphinston Davis (private collection)
John Brooks Felton, half-length oil portrait (Bancroft Library)
Capt. J.L. Folsom (E.B. Crocker Collection #205)
John W. Geary, first mayor of San Francisco
Hon. Edward Gilbert, (E.B. Crocker Collection #193)
William M. Gwin, U.S. Senator, (E.B. Crocker Collection #200)
Col. Jack Hays, sheriff of San Francisco 1850 (E.B. Crocker Collection #211)
Thomas Hill, American landscape artist, (E.B. Crocker Collection #207)
Collis P. Huntington, 1872 (E.B. Crocker Collection #380)
Maj. Gen. H.W. Halleck, General, lawyer and land speculator, (E.B. Crocker Collection #195)
Mark Hopkins, 1872 (E.B. Crocker Collection #387)
Andrew Jackson, seventh United States President. 1872, (E.B. Crocker Collection #87)
Thomas Starr King, Unitarian Minister, (E.B. Crocker Collection #197)
Kiwelattah (or Ki-we-lah-tah), c.1852 full-length painting of Wiyot elder (Clarke Historical Museum)
Thomas O. Larkin, U.S. Consulm (E.B. Crocker Collection #209)
Peter Lassen, California Pioneer (E.B. Crocker Collection #198)
Jacob P. Leese, California Pioneer (E.B. Crocker Collection #203)
Alfred Macy, (1831–1874) Governor's Council of Massachusetts (Nantucket Historical Society)
S.S. Montague, Chief engineer Central Pacific Railroad, (E.B. Crocker Collection #385)
William C. Ralston, founder of the Bank of California (M. H. de Young Memorial Museum)
Hon. Romualdo Pacheco, American politician and diplomat (E.B. Crocker Collection #208)
Samuel Purdy, (E.B. Crocker Collection #204)
Edmond Randolph, (1818–1861) California lawyer and historian (E.B. Crocker Collection #199)
Robert Robinson, (E.B. Crocker Collection #202)
Brigadier General Persifor Frazer Smith, 1848 (City of New Orleans)
Leland Stanford, 1872 (E.B. Crocker Collection #382)
Col. J.D. Stevenson, mining and real estate entrepreneur (E.B. Crocker Collection #192)
General John A. Sutter, June 1851 (Bancroft Library)
General John A. Sutter, (E.B. Crocker Collection #194 - different than 1851 portrait)
Mariano Vallejo, Californian military commander, politician, and rancher, (E.B. Crocker Collection #201)
Vallejo family portraits (Vallejo Home State Park, Sonoma, California)[32]
Zachary Taylor, 1846 then General in the Mexican–American War, later President of the United States.
References
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Palmquist, Peter E.; Kailbourn, Thomas R. (2000). Pioneer photographers of the far west: a biographical dictionary, 1840-1865. Stanford University Press. p. 491. ISBN 0-8047-3883-1, ISBN 978-0-8047-3883-5.
Sherman, Edwin A. (1893). Fifty Years of Masonry in California, 2 volumes. San Francisco, California: George Spaulding Company. pp. 121–123.
Hayes, Linden. "Shaw, Stephen William (1817 - 1900)". Artist Biographies. Linden Hayes Fine Art. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
Harte, Bret (1868). "Art beginnings on the Pacific". The Overland Monthly (A. Roman & Co.) 1 (1): 32. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
Haskins, Charles Warren (1890). The Argonauts of California being the reminiscences of scenes and incidents that occurred in California in early mining days. New York: Fords, Howard & Hulbert.
Staff (1899). "Obituary". Mark Hopkins Institute Review of Art 1: 36. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
Ramirez, Salvador A. (2007). The Inside man: the life and times of Mark Hopkins of New York, Michigan, and California, Volume 1. Salvador A. Ramirez. p. 71.
Hittell, Theodore Henry (1897). History of California, Volume 3. N.J. Stone. p. 249.
Staff (August 30, 1884). "Humboldt Association". Sacramento Daily Record-Union. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
Evans, Cerinda W. (1954). Collis Potter Huntington, Volume 1. Newport News, Virginia: Mariners' Museum. pp. 26–27.
Bledsoe, Anthony Jennings (1885). Indian wars of the Northwest: A California sketch. Bacon. p. 111.
Carr, John (1891). Pioneer days in California. Times Publishing Company. pp. 421–423.
Irvine, Leigh Hadley (1915). History of Humboldt County, California, with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the county who have been identified with its growth and development from the early days to the present. Los Angeles, California: Historic Record Company. pp. Chapter 2.
History of Humboldt County, California with Illustrations... Including Biographical Sketches. San Francisco, CA: Wallace W. Elliott and Company. 1881. pp. 174–175.
Rasmussen, Louis J. (2002). San Francisco Ship Passenger Lists Vol. II 1850-1851, Volume 2. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-0-8063-5128-5.
Ferndale: Images of America. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. 2004. p. 128. ISBN 0-7385-2890-0, ISBN 978-0-7385-2890-8.
Sutter, John Augustus (January 10, 1852). "Letter to Richard M. Kern". manuscript (HM 20647, The Huntington Library).
Parry, M. A. (1963). The History of Loleta. Arcata, California: Humboldt State University, Humboldt Room, M.A. thesis. pp. 178–182.
"Museum to receive Kinman artifacts". The Times-Standard (Eureka, California). July 25, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
Shaw, Stephen William (1852–1853). The Record Book of the Farm. Facsimile copy at The Ferndale Museum: n.p.
Halteman, Ellen (2000). Exhibition Record of the San Francisco Art Association, 1872-1915; Mechanics' Institute, 1857-1899; California State Agricultural Society, 1856-1902. Publications in California Art Number 7 (Dustin Publications). p. 352. 0961462272, 9780961462277.
Bell, William Gardner (2005). Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. p. 90.
"Hymeneal". Daily Alta California 13 (4081). April 19, 1861. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
Tucker, Luther (1864). "California Grapes". The Horticulturist, and Journal of rural art and rural taste (Luther Tucker). 19-21: 391. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
Shaw, S.W., Petitioner (June 10, 1867). In the Matter of the Estate of Mary F. Shaw, decd.; Probate Court Sonoma County, Number 334, Register B. Santa Rosa, California: Attorney Democrat Steam Print. p. 701.
Barney, Eliza Starbuck (c. 1890). Eliza Starbuck Barney Genealogical Record Books. Nantucket Historical Association Manuscript Collection 186: unpublished manuscript.
"Married". Sacramento Daily Union. 45:6977. August 14, 1873. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
Hughes, Edan (2002). Artists in California, 1786-1940. Sacramento, California: Crocker Art Museum.
Levy, Florence N. (1900). American Art Annual 1900-1901, Volume 3. Boston, Massachusetts: Noyes, Platt & Company. p. 60.
"The Smithsonian Institution Art Inventories Catalog". The Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
"Portrait of Agassiz". Daily Alta California 27 (9156). April 28, 1875. p. 1. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
"California Historical Landmarks - Sonoma". California State Parks. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
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