George Romney
Paintings
Shepherd Girl. Little Bo-Peep
Portrait of a member of the Dashwood Family
Portrait of Miss Willoughby
Portrait of Jane Hoskyns
Portrait of John Redhead
Portrait of Mr. Adyes Children. The Willett Children
Portrait of Lady Grantham
Portrait of Marianne Holbech
Sketch of a Mother and Child
Portrait of Lady Georgiana Smyth and her Son
Portrait of Mary Christina Conquest Lady Arundell of Wardour in Coronation Robes
Portrait of Mrs. Henry Ainslie with her Child
Portrait of Mary Wilson
Portrait of Mrs. Marie-Jean Gomm
Portrait of Bryan Cooke of Owston
Portrait of Charles Lennox 3rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox
A Mother and Child
Lady Arabella Ward
Ann Wilson with Her Daughter Sybil
Portrait of John Augustus Richter
Mrs. Davies Davenport
Portrait of Mrs. Francis Ingram
Mrs. Thomas Scott Jackson
Sir William Hamilton
Joseph Allen
Portrait of Emma Hart as Miranda [later Lady Hamilton]
A lady with a wide-brimmed hat
A maiden with classical trophies in a landscape
A Portrait of Mrs. Beal Bonnell
A shepherd boy asleep watched by his dog at the approach of a thunder-storm
A study of two women a sketch for the Milner sisters
Jacob Morland of Capplethwaite
Admiral Sir Francis Geary, 1709-96
Ann Wilson with her Daughter, Sybil
Captain William Bentinck, 1764-1813
Caroline, Countess of Carlisle
Caroline, Duchess of Marlborough
Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool
Dorothy Bland (Mrs Jordan), as Peggy in 'The Country Girl'
Double portrait of Henry Richard Greville (1779-1853)
Dunlop of Carmyle, Provost of Glascow
Edmund Law, Bishop of Carlisle
Edward Wortley Montagu (1713–1776) in Turkish Dress
Elizabeth, Countess of Craven, Later Margravine of Anspach 1778
George Boscawen 3rd Viscount Falmouth (1758-1808)
Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool
Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox
Emma Hart later Lady Hamilton in a Straw Hat
Frederick Ponsonby 3rd Earl of Bessborough
George Spencer , 4th Duke of Marlborough
John Flaxman, Thomas Alphonso Hayley
John Walter or Wharton Tempest with a Horse
Lady Elizabeth Hamilton 1753-1797, Countess of Derby
Lady Hamilton as a Figure in Fortune Telling
Lady Hamilton as The Magdalene
Portrait of Lady Henrietta Frances, Countess of Bessborough
Portrait of Mrs Maria Fitzherbert, wife of George IV.
Portrait of Vice-Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, 5th Baronet
Tom Hayley as Robin Goodfellow
Unknown man, formerly known as Peter Romney
Group portrait of Mrs Charles Hawkins and her children
Henrietta, Countess of Warwick, and Her Children
jane maxwell, duchess of gordon and her son the marquis of huntly
John Howard Visiting a Lazaretto
Joseph Brant colored illustration after 1776 Romney painting
King Lear, Edgar and the Fools
Lady Hamilton (Restrike Etching)
Major-General James Stuart, about 1735 - 1793. Commander-in-Chief in Madras
Margery Jourdain and Bolingbroke conjuring up the Fiend
Mary MacDonell Chichester, Lady Clifford Constable (1768-1825)
Miranda, Prospero and Shipwreck
Mrs Richard Cumberland and her Son Charles
Drawings
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Shepherd Girl. Little Bo-Peep
George Romney (26 December 1734 – 15 November 1802) was an English portrait painter. He was the most fashionable artist of his day, painting many leading society figures – including his artistic muse, Emma Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson.[1][2]
Early life and training
Romney was born in Beckside in Dalton-in-Furness, Lancashire (now part of Cumbria), the 3rd son (of 11 children) of John Romney, cabinet maker, and Anne Simpson. Raised in a cottage named High Cocken in modern-day Barrow-in-Furness, he was sent to school at nearby Dendron. He appears to have been an indifferent student and was withdrawn at the age of 11 and apprenticed to his father's business instead.
He proved to have a natural ability for drawing and making things from wood – including violins (which he played throughout his life). From the age of 15, he was taught art informally by a local watchmaker called John Williamson, but his studies began in earnest in 1755, when he went to Kendal, at the age of 21, for a 4-year apprenticeship with local artist Christopher Steele – a portraitist who had himself studied with distinguished French artist Carlo Vanloo. All costs were to be borne by George's father.
In October 1756, Romney married Mary Abbot (a decision he initially regretted), but the couple were immediately separated when he was called away to York on business by his employer. After a year, Steele eventually agreed to cancel the apprenticeship, at George's request, leaving the young artist – now a father of a son – free to pursue his own career as a painter.[3]
Work
Cumbria
In 1757, Romney rejoined his wife and young son in Kendal, working as a portraitist, landscape and historical painter. In this period he became friends with Adam Walker, the inventor and writer, and also pursued musical interests in his spare time. In March 1762, he parted from his wife, son and daughter (the latter dying in 1763), to seek his fortune in London, where he stayed (apart from a few return visits to Cumbria) until 1799. Throughout the separation, he maintained contact with his family and financially supported them, but they never lived with him in the capital.
London
In 1763, Romney entered his painting, "The Death of General Wolfe", into a Royal Society of Arts competition. According to friends of Romney, he was awarded the second prize of 50 guineas but this was later to reduced to 25 guineas on questionable grounds. It is said that Sir Joshua Reynolds himself was the prime mover behind this decision, a fact which may have accounted for the lifelong aversion of the two men for each other.
Despite his later success, Romney was never invited to join the Royal Academy of Arts (formed 1768), though he was asked, urged even, to exhibit there – nor did he ever apply to join. This decision certainly cost him valuable royal patronage and support from others connected at court. While there has been much speculation about his actual relationship with the Academy, there is no doubt that he normally remained aloof maintaining that a good artist should succeed without being a member. His own career supported this belief, and it was only towards the end of his life that he expressed the slightest regret for his views.[4]
His early years in the capital were something of a struggle financially. In September 1764, he travelled to Paris (with a friend, lawyer Thomas Greene) for a few weeks to study the works of the old masters (travel abroad was seen as a requisite of a developing artist's training as the opportunity to view great art in London was very limited). In 1765 he again won the second prize of 50 guineas in the Royal Society of Arts competition. In 1768, he made the acquaintance of Richard Cumberland, the dramatist, whose portrait he painted, and who was helpful in introducing him to influential patrons. He also became friends with miniature painter Ozias Humphrey.
1769 was a breakthrough year – he exhibited a large portrait of Sir George Warren and family at the Free Society of Artists, which was greatly admired and helped to lay the foundations of his future popularity. In 1770 he started to exhibit his work at the Chartered Society of Artists rather the rival "Free Society of Artists".
Italy
Near life-size (94"*58") portrait of Lady Anne de la Pole (1758–1832) (née Templer), wife of Sir John de la Pole, 6th Baronet, painted in 1786 by George Romney. Sold at Christie's London on 13th July 1913, purchased by the dealers Duveen Brothers of New York for 40,000 guineas ($ 206,850), then a record price for any work of art sold in London.[5] Now at Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
By 1772 Romney was financially secure enough to make the journey (with Ozias Humphrey) to Italy to study the great artists of the past, as he had always intended. He set off in March, making his way through Europe (via Paris, Lyon, Marseilles, Nice, Genoa, Livorno, Florence and Pisa) and arriving in Rome in June. A letter of introduction allowed him to meet the Pope, Clement XIV, who allowed him to set up scaffolding in the Vatican to study the frescoes of Raphael. He spent 18 months in Rome making studies and sketches of the great art works on view there. He returned to London in July 1775 (via Florence, Bologna, Venice, Parma, and Turin) after an absence of over 2 years.
Later career
On his return, in 1775, Romney moved to Cavendish Square, in a house formerly owned by noted portraitist Francis Cotes. He was considerably in debt, not only on his own account but also due to being saddled with the debt of his artistic but dissolute brother Peter. Fortunately, he was offered commissions by the Duke of Richmond and his circle of friends, which helped turn the tide of fortune permanently in the artist's favour. In 1776–77, he made the acquaintance of William Hayley, striking up a lasting friendship with the writer, and painting portraits for him.
1782 was the beginning of an important new chapter in Romney's life, for in that year he was first introduced to Emma Hamilton (then called Emma Hart) who became his muse. He painted over 60 portraits of her in various poses, sometimes playing the part of historical or mythological figures.[6] He also painted many other contemporaries, including fellow artist Mary Moser.
In 1797 Romney left his studio at 32 Cavendish Square, where he had worked for more than twenty years, to move to Holly Bush Hill in Hampstead. In Hampstead Romney embarked on a series of costly building projects, and sold the house two years later. Romney's House is now a Grade I listed building, and Romney is commemorated by a blue plaque placed on the property.
In the summer of 1799, his health broken, and after an absence of almost forty years, Romney returned to his wife, Mary, in Kendal. She nursed him during the remaining 2 years of his life until he died in November 1802. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Mary's Parish Church, Dalton-in-Furness.
George Romney is a kinsman of American businessmen and politicians George W. Romney (1907–1995) and Mitt Romney (born 1947); their ancestor Miles Romney was George Romney's first cousin.[7]
Public collections of works
Romney's work is on display at many museums and art Galleries in the UK, North America and elsewhere:
UK and Ireland
Abbot Hall Art Gallery (Kendal); Kendal Town Hall (Kendal); Ashmolean Museum (University of Oxford); Courtauld Institute of Art (London); Dorset County Museum (Dorchester); Dulwich Picture Gallery (London); National Portrait Gallery, London; National Maritime Museum (London); Tate Gallery (London); Wallace Collection (London); Falmouth Art Gallery; Fitzwilliam Museum (University of Cambridge); Dalton Castle; Manchester City Art Gallery; National Museum Cardiff; National Museums Liverpool; New Art Gallery (Walsall); National Galleries of Scotland; Crawford Municipal Art Gallery (Ireland).
United States and Canada
Ackland Art Museum (University of North Carolina); Art Gallery of the University of Rochester (New York); Art Institute of Chicago; Beaverbrook Art Gallery (New Brunswick); Blanton Museum of Art (University of Texas at Austin); Brigham Young University Museum of Art (Utah); Carnegie Museum of Art (Pittsburgh); Dallas Museum of Art; Detroit Institute of Arts; the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Robert Hull Fleming Museum (University of Vermont); Frick Collection (New York City); the Getty Museum (Los Angeles); Harvard University Art Museums; Honolulu Museum of Art; Huntington Library (California); the Kimbell Art Museum (Fort Worth, Texas); the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (Texas); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; National Gallery of Art (Washington D.C.); Norton Simon Museum (Pasadena, California); Philadelphia Museum of Art; Wadsworth Atheneum (Hartford, Connecticut); Phoenix Art Museum (Phoenix, Arixona); National Gallery of Canada.
Elsewhere
Dunedin Public Art Gallery (New Zealand); Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg, Russia), Louvre (Paris, France); Musée des beaux-arts (Pau, France), National Gallery of Victoria (Australia), MASP (Brazil).
See also
English school of painting
References
Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). "Romney, George". Dictionary of National Biography 49. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 191–200.
Rowley Cleve. George Romney.
Paston, pp. 1–16.
Cross, David A.
"Romney Portrait sold $206,850". The New York Times. 1913-07-14.
Emma Hamilton and George Romney (Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool).
Reitwiesner, William Addams. "The Ancestors of Mitt Romney". Wargs.com. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
Further reading
Cleve, Rowley. George Romney (London: G. Bell & sons, 1901).
Paston, George. George Romney (Methuen & Co., 1903).
Chamberlain, Arthur Bensley (1910). George Romney. London: Methuen. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
Rump, Gerhard C. (1974): George Romney (1734–1802). Zur Bildform der Bürgerlichen Mitte in der Englischen Neoklassik. 2 vols. Olms: Hildesheim, New York. ISBN 3-487-05107-9
Hayes, John (1992). British paintings of the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. Princeton University Press. pp. 229–230. ISBN 978-0-521-41066-3.
Cross, David A. (2000). A Striking Likeness: The Life of George Romney. Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-84014-671-4.
External links
Romney online (ArtCyclopedia)
George Romney exhibition (Walker Art Gallery)
The Romney Society: British art's forgotten genius
Gallery of Romney's Art
George Romney at Find a Grave
"The Return", a poem by Florence Earle Coates
Fifteenth- to eighteenth-century European paintings: France, Central Europe, the Netherlands, Spain, and Great Britain, a collection catalog fully available online as a PDF, which contains material on Romney (cat. no. 41)
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