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Carlo Maratta

Paintings

Madonna and Child Print by Carlo Maratta

Madonna and Child

The Agony in the Garden Print by Carlo Maratta

The Agony in the Garden

Portrait of Francesca Gommi Maratta Print by Carlo Maratta

Portrait of Francesca Gommi Maratta

Venus and Cupid Print by Carlo Maratta

Venus and Cupid

Venus and Cupid Print by Carlo Maratta

Venus and Cupid

The Painter Andrea Sacchi Print by Carlo Maratta

The Painter Andrea Sacchi

The Holy Family the Madonna and Child reading Print by Carlo Maratta

The Holy Family the Madonna and Child reading

Death of Saint Joseph Print by Carlo Maratta

Death of Saint Joseph

Portrait of a Young Woman, Three Quarter Length, as Flora Print by Carlo Maratta

Portrait of a Young Woman, Three Quarter Length, as Flora

Madonna and the Child with St John Baptist Print by Carlo Maratta

Madonna and the Child with St John Baptist

Madonna Teaching the Infant Christ Reading Print by Carlo Maratta

Madonna Teaching the Infant Christ Reading

Portrait of Pope Clement I Print by Carlo Maratta

Portrait of Pope Clement I

Carlo Maratta

Death of Saint Joseph Madonna and Child

Alpheus and Arethusa

Apollo Chasing Daphne

Bath of Diana

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well

Carlo Maratta

Bacchus and Ariadne

Carlo Maratta

A Young Man

Carlo Maratta

The Virgin Appearing to St Philip Neri

Carlo Maratta

Adoration of the Thorn Crown

Carlo Maratta

The Sleep of the Infant Jesus, with Musician Angels

Carlo Maratta

Portrait of Francesca Gommi Maratta

Carlo Maratta

The Holy Night (The Nativity)

Carlo Maratta

Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels and Saints

Carlo Maratta

Holy Family: St Joseph with the Christ Child

Carlo Maratta

Pope Clement IX

Carlo Maratta

Assumption and the Doctors of the Church

Carlo Maratta

Adoration of the Shepherds

Carlo Maratta

Adoration of the Magi (in Garland)

A Sheet of Eight Caricature Heads Print by Carlo Maratta

A Sheet of Eight Caricature Heads

An allegorical Design with Fame crowning Homer Print by Carlo Maratta

An allegorical Design with Fame crowning Homer

Carlo Maratta

Self-portrait

Workshop of Carlo Maratta

Cleopatra Print by Workshop of Carlo Maratta

Cleopatra

The Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist Saint Cecilia and an Angel Print by Studio of Carlo Maratta

The Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist Saint Cecilia and an Angel

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Madonna and Child Print by Carlo Maratta

Madonna and Child

Carlo Maratta or Maratti (13 May 1625 – 15 December 1713) was an Italian painter, active mostly in Rome, and known principally for his classicizing paintings executed in a Late Baroque Classical manner. Although he is part of the classical tradition stemming from Raphael, he was not exempt from the influence of Baroque painting and particularly in his use of colour. His contemporary and friend, Giovanni Bellori, wrote an early biography on Maratta.[1]
 
Biography

Born in Camerano (Marche), then part of the Papal States, he went to Rome in 1636, accompanied by, Don Corintio Benicampi, secretary to Taddeo Barberini.[2] He became an apprentice in the studio of Andrea Sacchi. It was at this time that the debate between Sacchi and Pietro da Cortona took place at the Accademia di San Luca, the artists academy in Rome. Sacchi argued that paintings should only have a few figures which should express the narrative whereas Cortona countered that a greater number of figures allowed for the development of sub themes.[3] Maratta's painting at this time was closely allied with the classicism of Sacchi and was far more restrained and composed than the Baroque exuberance of Pietro da Cortona’s paintings. Like Sacchi, his paintings were inspired by the works of the great painters from Parma and Bologna: Annibale Carracci, Guercino, Guido Reni, Francesco Albani and Giovanni Lanfranco.

He developed a close relationship with Sacchi till the death of his master in 1661. His fresco of 'Constantine ordering the Destruction of Pagan Idols' (1648) for the Baptistery of the Lateran, based on designs by Sacchi, gained him attention as an artist but his first prominent independent work was the 'Adoration of the Shepherds' (1650) for San Giuseppe di Falegnami. Another major work from this period was 'The Mystery of the Trinity Revealed to St. Augustine' (c. 1655) painted for the church of Santa Maria dei Sette Dolori.

Pope Alexander VII (reigned 1655–1667) commissioned many paintings from him including 'The Visitation' (1656) for Santa Maria della Pace and the 'Nativity' in the gallery of the Quirinal Palace where he worked under the direction of Cortona who selected him for this task. His pictures of the late 1650s exhibit light and movement derived from Roman Baroque painting, combined with classical idealism.[4]
Pope Clement IX
Doctors of the Church discuss Assumption of the Virgin (1686)

From 1660, he built up a private client base amongst wealthy patrons of Europe, establishing the most prominent art studio in Rome of his time and, after the death of Bernini in 1680, he became the leading artist in Rome.[4] In 1664, Maratta became the director of the Accademia di San Luca and, concerned with elevating the status of artists, promoted the study and drawing of the art of Classical Antiquity. During the 1670s he was commissioned by Pope Clement X to fresco the ceiling of the salone in the Palazzo Altieri; the iconographic programme for ‘The Triumph of Clemency’ was devised by Bellori . Unlike Giovan Battista Gaulli’s nave fresco in the nearby church of the Gesu which was being painted at the same time, Maratta did not employ illusionism; his scene remained within its frame and used few figures.[5]

His major works of this period included: 'The Appearance of the Virgin to St. Philip Neri' (c. 1675) now in the Pitti Palace in Florence; 'The Virgin with Saints Carlo Borromeo and Ignatius of Loyola, and Angels' (c. 1685) for the church of Santa Maria in Vallicella (c. 1675); and 'The Assumption of the Virgin with Doctors of the Church' (1686) for the Cybo Chapel in Santa Maria del Popolo. It was not, as his critics claimed, numerous depictions of the Virgin that earned him the nickname Carluccio delle Madonne or ‘Little Carlo of the Madonnas', but his gifted interpretation of this theme.[4] Other works included an altarpiece, ‘The Death of St Francis Xavier’ (1674–9) in the San Francesco Xavier Chapel in the right transept of the Church of the Gesu.

Maratta was a well known portrait painter.[6] He painted Sacchi (c. 1655, Prado), Cardinal Antonio Barberini (c. 1660 Palazzo Barberini), Pope Clement IX (1669, Vatican Pinacoteca) and a self-portrait (c. 1695, Brussels). He also painted numerous English sitters during their visits to Rome on the Grand Tour, having sketched antiquities for John Evelyn as early as 1645.[7]
Francesca Gommi Maratta (circa 1690)

In 1679 or 1680, a daughter, Faustina, was born to Maratta by his mistress, Francesca Gommi (or Gomma). He legally recognized her as his daughter in 1698 and upon becoming a widower in 1700, Maratta married the girl's mother. His daughter’s features were incorporated into a number of Maratta’s late paintings.[4][8]

In 1704 Maratta was knighted by Pope Clement XI.

With a general decline in patronage around the beginning of the eighteenth century and largely due to the economic downturn, Maratta turned his hand to painting restoration, including works by Raphael and Carracci. His sculptural designs included figures of the Apostles for San Giovanni in Laterano. He continued to run his studio into old age even when he could no longer paint.[4] Maratta died in 1713 in Rome, and was buried there in Santa Maria degli Angeli.
See also

    List of Carlo Maratta pupils and assistants

Partial anthology of works
Alpheus and Arethusa

    Birth of the Virgin, 1643–45, Church of Saint Clare, Nocera Umbra.
    "Juno Beseeching Aeolus to Release the Winds Against the Trojan Fleet", 1654-1656, Ackland Art Museum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
    The Triumph of Clemency, 1673–75, Palazzo Altieri, Rome.
    The Virgin and Child in Glory, c.1680, Spanish Royal Collection, National Museum, Madrid
    St. John the Baptist Explaining the Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception to Sts. Gregory, Augustine, and John Chrysostom, 1686, Cybo Chapel, Sta. Maria de Popolo, Rome.
    Portrait of Clement IX Rospigliosi, 1669, Pinacoteca Gallery, Vatican Museums, Rome.
    Saint Joseph and the Infant Christ, Dunedin Public Art Gallery, Dunedin.

Notes

Bellori, Giovanni Pietro. Vita di Carlo Maratta pittore, Rome, 1732
G.P. Bellori, The Lives of the Modern Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, Cambridge (U.K.) 2005.
See the article on Andrea Sacchi for further discussion of the debate.
‘Carlo Maratti’, Marquez, Manuela B. Mena. Oxford Art Online
Maratti intended further decorations to this room which were not executed due to the death of the pope.
[1]
Edward Chaney, The Evolution of English Collecting (New Haven and London, 2003), passim.

    Faustina Maratti later married the poet Giambattista Felice Zappi, and became a prominent poet and member of the Academy of Arcadia.

References

    Hobbes, James R. (1849). Picture collector's manual; Dictionary of Painters. T. & W. Boone, 29 Bond Street, London; Digitized by Googlebooks (2006) from Oxford library. pp. 148–151.
    Wittkower, Rudolf (1993). Art and Architecture Italy 1600-1750. 1980. Pelican History of Art, Penguin Books. pp. 337–339.
    Edward Chaney (ed), The Evolution of English Collecting (Yale University Press, 2003).

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